7 months 3 weeks ago
Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programs for improving outcomes for children and their parents Key messages • Mindfulness-enhanced parent training programmes may improve some child and parent outcomes, including child emotional and behavioural adjustment, parenting skills, parental depression or anxiety, parenting stress, and parent mindfulness. • When mindfulness parent training is combined with a skills-based parent training programme, this may decrease parenting stress. • The current body of evidence is limited, with more research needed to be confident in our findings. Children's...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Interventions to encourage use of seat belts Key messages – We found some evidence to suggest education-based (behavioural and health risk appraisal (HRA)) and engineering-based interventions may promote seat belt use in early and late adolescents and adults; however, we are not confident in the current evidence. – More research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of education- and engineering-based interventions on seat belt use. – High-quality research is also needed to investigate the benefit of incentives (alone or combined with other interventions) as well as other types of...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Nutritional interventions for early psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (prototype). The objectives are as follows: To compare the efficacy of different kinds of nutritional supplements in individuals with early psychosis. This is a protocol....
7 months 3 weeks ago
Pharmacological interventions for bone health in people with epilepsy This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness of various pharmacological interventions (for treatment and for prevention) for bone health in people with epilepsy. This is a protocol....
7 months 3 weeks ago
Retrograde distal vascular access versus femoral artery access for below the knee arterial angioplasty Key messages – The choice of vascular access can influence the outcome of below the knee angioplasty. – We identified no trials that compared retrograde distal access with femoral access for below the knee angioplasty for inclusion; there is a need for high-quality trials on this topic. What is peripheral artery disease? Peripheral artery disease is a stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion (blocking) of the limb arteries usually caused by the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries (known as...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Vitamin B12 supplementation for women during pregnancy Key messages – Women who took vitamin B12 supplements during pregnancy may have improved vitamin B12 status during pregnancy or postpartum, including less vitamin B12 deficiency and higher vitamin B12 levels, compared to women who did not take vitamin B12 supplements, but the evidence is uncertain. – The effects of taking vitamin B12 supplements during pregnancy on other health outcomes in pregnant women or their children are not known. Public health implications Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that helps keep your body's blood and...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Treatments to thin the blood during haemodialysis: which treatments reduce clotting problems without causing bleeding? What is the issue? When people have dialysis using a machine to clean their blood (called haemodialysis (HD)), blood-thinning treatment helps prevent blood clots in the dialysis tubing. However, thinning the blood too much with treatment can lead to bleeding problems. There are several different medications to thin the blood, but it is not clear which is the best or the safest choice. What did we do? We searched for all the research trials that assessed the blood thinning...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Pressure garments for preventing hypertrophic scarring after burn injury Key messages – We do not know if pressure garment therapy is more effective than other scar treatment options (e.g. silicone gel/sheets, massage with lanolin) for preventing an abnormally thick and raised scar (hypertrophic scarring). – Future studies should include more participants who are monitored for longer; should clearly report on any other treatments that are offered alongside or as an alternative to pressure garment therapy; and measure outcomes that are most important to people with burn injuries. What are...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Are population-based interventions (those aimed at entire communities rather than individuals) helpful in preventing falls and fall-related injuries in older people? Key messages: • We are unsure whether approaches to falls prevention that target the whole community reduce falls and fall-related injuries. • Future studies should be well-designed and use up-to-date descriptions of their interventions. Ideally, studies should be carried out in several communities (rather than just two study communities), each with large populations, and types of older people living in the study communities...
7 months 3 weeks ago
What are the benefits and harms of ibuprofen for managing pain after an operation in children? Key messages • Ibuprofen probably reduces pain intensity just after an operation up to two hours compared to a placebo (dummy) and compared to paracetamol. The evidence compared to other medicines and in the longer term is unclear or lacking. • Overall, we are uncertain about unwanted effects of ibuprofen, especially serious unwanted effects, since the studies in the review rarely measured them. • Future studies should examine ibuprofen compared to commonly used medications and measure benefits and...
7 months 3 weeks ago
Community views on mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminths: a qualitative evidence synthesis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (qualitative). The objectives are as follows: To synthesize qualitative research evidence about community experience with, and perception of, mass drug administration (MDA) programmes for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). To assess how findings confirm, extend, enrich, or conflict with those previously identified for MDA programmes for lymphatic filariasis. This is a protocol....
7 months 4 weeks ago
Is maintenance therapy following previous treatment better than observation or placebo for treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults? What is the aim of this review? We aimed to determine whether the currently available maintenance treatments for disease control in adults with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) have an acceptable balance between benefits and harms following previous treatment. Key messages We found that maintenance therapy in adults with CLL after previous therapy probably has little to no effect on long-term survival. We also found that maintenance therapy probably...
8 months 2 weeks ago
Methylxanthine for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the effects of methylxanthines (caffeine; theophylline or aminophylline) and 'no methylxanthine administration' on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, using network meta-analysis. This is a protocol....
8 months 2 weeks ago
Oral or nasal steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME or 'glue ear') in children Key messages Taking steroids in tablet or syrup form (by mouth) may have little or no impact on hearing and quality of life for children with glue ear. Steroids may reduce the number of children who have glue ear after 6 to 12 months, but we are uncertain how large this reduction might be. Using a steroid nasal spray may also make little or no difference to hearing or quality of life, although the evidence is not as robust. It is also unclear whether nasal steroids affect the number of children...
8 months 2 weeks ago
Riboflavin supplements for blood pressure lowering in adults This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy and safety of riboflavin supplements compared to placebo or no additional treatment for lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This is a protocol....
8 months 2 weeks ago
Non-surgical treatment for lower limb apophyseal injuries This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of non-surgical treatment versus placebo or no treatment for lower limb apophyseal injuries in children and adolescents on pain, function, participation in physical activity, and participant-reported treatment success. This is a protocol....
8 months 2 weeks ago
What effects does enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) have on people with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD)? Key messages • Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare condition that causes people to become more unwell over time. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can help to slow disease progression. • Alglucosidase alfa (a type of ERT) probably improves some aspects of disease progression in people with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) compared to placebo (an inactive or 'dummy' medicine). • Future studies should monitor participants for as many years as possible to better understand the long-term...
8 months 3 weeks ago
Exercise for multidirectional instability of the shoulder This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of exercise therapy for multidirectional instability of the shoulder. This is a protocol....
8 months 3 weeks ago
Can endoscopic sinus surgery (i.e. surgery using a long thin tube inserted into the sinuses) help to treat nasal polyposis (soft growths in the nasal passages called polyps) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF)? Key messages We are uncertain whether nasal irrigation together with an endoscopic sinus surgery intervention improves symptoms and lung function or reduces the need for antibiotics compared to nasal irrigation alone. There was one episode of bleeding during surgery that was corrected during the procedure with no further consequences. What is CF? CF is a genetic condition that affects...
8 months 3 weeks ago
Can reducing prescriptions of anticholinergic medicines improve cognitive outcomes in older adults? Key messages • It is known that older people who take more medicines with an anticholinergic effect may be at greater risk of cognitive decline. • There is a lack of high-quality evidence to show whether reducing prescriptions of anticholinergic medicines can preserve or improve cognition. Current evidence is very uncertain and very short-term. • There is a need for large trials to investigate long-term effects of reducing anticholinergic burden. What are anticholinergic medicines? Medicines...
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