Antiseizure medications for neonates with seizures This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess whether any anti-seizure medication (ASM) is more or less effective than an alternative ASM (both ASMs used as first-, second- or third-line treatment) in achieving seizure control and improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with seizures. We will analyse EEG-confirmed seizures and clinically-diagnosed seizures separately. To assess maintenance therapy with ASM compared to no maintenance therapy after achieving seizure control. We will...

Perinatal internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for preventing postnatal depression This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness and safety of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for preventing postnatal depression. This is a protocol....

Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the evidence on the relationship between the use and availability of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people (aged 29 years or less), and whether the relationship differs by socioeconomic status, gender, or other demographic characteristics. This is a protocol....

Ventilation tubes (grommets) for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of ventilation tubes (grommets) for otitis media with effusion in children. This is a protocol....

How accurate are asking about symptoms and doing a chest X-ray to screen for tuberculosis of the lungs among adults who are HIV-negative or with unknown HIV status? Why is improving screening for tuberculosis of the lungs important? Systematic screening in settings where tuberculosis is common is a recommended strategy for early detection of tuberculosis. Screening helps identify people who are more likely to have tuberculosis so they can have confirmatory testing. These are additional tests to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Asking...

Adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of people with resected stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer and EGFR mutation This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with resected stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring an activating EGFR mutation. This is a protocol....

Clinical rating scales for assessing pain in newborn infants This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (methodology). The objectives are as follows: To systematically review the current literature describing the development, content, and measurement properties of clinical rating scales for the assessment of pain in newborn infants. This is a protocol....

Non-pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of non-pharmacological treatments used for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine. This is a protocol....

Non-pharmacological interventions for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of non-pharmacological interventions for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). This is a protocol....

Pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of pharmacological treatments used for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine. This is a protocol....

Thymosin-ɑ1 for people with chronic hepatitis B This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of thymosin-α1 in people with chronic hepatitis B, regardless of their age, sex, and ethnicity This is a protocol....

Pharmacological interventions for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of pharmacological interventions for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). This is a protocol....

Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of pharmacological interventions used to relieve acute attacks of vestibular migraine. This is a protocol....

Is attachment of the excretory duct of the pancreas to the second part of the small intestine better than other reconstruction methods to reduce leakage of juice from the pancreas to the abdominal tissues? Key messages - We do not know whether duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (attachment of the excretory duct of the pancreas to the second part of the small intestine) reduces postoperative pancreatic fistula (leakage of juice from the pancreas to the abdominal tissues) compared to invagination pancreaticojejunostomy (insertion of the pancreas within the second part of the small...

Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the effects of doxapram administration on the incidence of apnea and longer-term clinical outcomes in preterm infants. This is a protocol....

Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of TXA in adults with kidney stones undergoing PCNL. This is a protocol....

What is the best way to use topical corticosteroids to treat people with eczema? Key messages - Generally, stronger topical corticosteroids (steroid cream applied to the skin) are probably more effective than weaker preparations. Strong steroid cream applied once daily is probably as good as twice daily, and using steroid cream for two consecutive days weekly probably prevents eczema flare-ups. - About a third of studies looked for skin thinning, but cases were very low. This made it difficult to judge differences between strategies, although there were more cases with stronger steroid...

Which treatments that affect the whole body work best to treat severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis)? Key messages Treating severe skin reactions with etanercept (a medicine that acts to reduce a specific part of the immune system), rather than steroids (which broadly reduces the immune system), may result in a lower number of deaths from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. We are uncertain about the effectiveness of other treatments, such as steroids and cyclosporin (medicines that act on the immune system) or immunoglobulins...

Shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting versus no CSF shunting in people with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). To determine the frequency of adverse effects of CSF shunting in iNPH This is a protocol....

Point-of-care tests for detecting high viral load in people living with HIV attending healthcare facilities Why is improving the diagnosis of high HIV viral load infection important? It helps to monitor the HIV virus levels in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). High virus levels indicate that the medications are failing to suppress the virus, a condition known as ART treatment failure, which has a risk of severe illness and death. Rapid diagnostic tests that detect high HIV virus levels quickly near the patient (point-of-care) can increase access...