Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: what type of exercise works best? Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that mostly affects people over 60. Symptoms begin gradually and include movement issues, such as trembling, stiffness, slowness of movement and balance, and coordination issues. People with PD can also have emotional and mood problems, fatigue, sleep problems, and thinking difficulties. The disorder cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be relieved, for example, with medicine or surgery. Moreover, people with PD may...

Non-medicine interventions for sleep problems in dementia What are sleep problems in people with dementia? People with dementia frequently have sleep problems including an increase in the length and number of awakenings and an increased amount of light sleep. These cause a number of problems for the affected person, their relatives, and carers, possibly leading to carer distress and the admission of people with dementia to nursing homes or long-term care homes. Can non-medicine interventions help? As we do not know if medicines can help improve sleep in people with dementia, non-medicine...

Methods of induction of labour: a network meta-analysis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effectiveness and safety profiles for the different methods of cervical ripening and labour induction at or beyond term labour using network meta-analysis, and to provide rankings of the available treatments according to their effectiveness and safety profile. This is a protocol....

Low protein diets for adults with diabetic kidney disease What is the issue? For people with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) not requiring dialysis, it may be recommended to limit the amount of protein in the diet to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease. However, uncertainty remains about how much protein should be consumed. What did we do? We reviewed the evidence about the effect of low protein diets on the progression of kidney disease in adult patients with DKD, not on dialysis. The evidence is current to 17 November 2022. All studies were combined, provided that they compared a...

What are the benefits and risks of silicone gel sheeting for treating keloid scars? Key messages We are uncertain whether silicone gel sheeting improves a scar's appearance more than: - no treatment; - treatment with a dressing similar to silicone gel sheeting that does not contain silicone; - injections of triamcinolone acetonide (a medication) directly into a lesion or below the skin. We are uncertain about the effect of silicone gel sheeting on pain compared with no treatment. We do not know if silicone gel sheeting has an effect on pain compared with non-silicone gel sheeting or...

C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate for the diagnosis of lower urinary tract infection in older people This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: Secondary objectives To assess the influence of patient and study characteristics on the diagnostic accuracy of the index tests. To assess the influence of different reference standards for UTI on the diagnostic accuracy of the index tests. This is a protocol....

LipiFlow for the treatment of dry eye disease This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness of the LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System on dry eye signs and symptoms compared to placebo or other commercially available treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction in adults. This is a protocol....

First aid training for laypeople This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Main objective To assess the effects of first aid training for laypeople, compared to no training or other training on: (1) the helping behaviour of the persons providing first aid, (2) the quality of the first aid provided, and (3) the health outcomes of the people receiving first aid. Secondary objectives To assess the effects of first aid training for laypeople on first aid-related knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, willingness to help, and adverse effects. This is a...

Adverse events associated with minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) including bleb-forming microstent surgeries This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To obtain a comprehensive review of harms following MIGS reported in randomised and non-randomised studies, clinical study reports submitted to regulatory organisations for approval or postmarketing surveillance and registries. We will also examine the design characteristics, risk of bias, and reporting adequacy of pivotal MIGS trials submitted to the US and EU regulatory organisations...

Pharmacological interventions for the management of pain and discomfort during lumbar puncture in newborn infants This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms, including pain, discomfort, and success rate, of any pharmacological intervention during lumbar puncture in newborn infants, compared to placebo, no intervention, non-pharmacological interventions, or other pharmacological interventions. This is a protocol....

Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism in people at high risk of, or with established venous thromboembolism This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy and safety of vena caval filters (VCFs) in preventing acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in people with established venous thromboembolism (VTE), or those at high risk of developing APE. This is a protocol....

Care involving families for Indigenous early childhood well-being Key messages There was a small improvement on the overall health and well-being of Indigenous children and their families when they participated in family-centred care programmes at a primary healthcare service, but we have very low confidence in the overall evidence. All studies used community engagement strategies, which is an important aspect of working with Indigenous communities. Further adequately powered studies are likely to provide better estimates of the effects of family-centred care. What is family-centred care?...

Exercise therapy for fatigue in multiple sclerosis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary objectives The primary objectives of this review are as follows. 1.1 To determine the immediate (i.e. postintervention; 1.1a) and long-term (i.e. follow-up; 1.1b) benefits of exercise therapy, when compared to a control group, on self-reported fatigue in people with MS; and 1.2 To specifically determine the immediate and long-term benefits of exercise therapy, when compared to a control group, on self-reported fatigue when only clinical trials are...

Fluid restriction for treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness and safety of fluid restriction for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. To determine if fluid restriction (parenterally, enterally, or both) with or without diuretics reduces morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with a symptomatic PDA. This is a protocol....

Transarterial chemoembolisation plus I125 seeds implantation for people with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus I125 seeds implantation compared with TACE alone, regardless of chemotherapeutic drugs and vascular occlusive agents, for people with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. This is a protocol....

Is ultrasound guidance a good option for peripheral intravenous cannulation in adults? What is peripheral intravenous cannulation? Placing a peripheral intravenous line is one of the most essential procedures in medicine. It involves putting a thin, flexible tube (known as a catheter or cannula) into a vein using a needle. This process is known as 'cannulation'. It is necessary when administering fluids, drugs, and drawing blood samples. Peripheral intravenous cannulation is usually carried out by seeing and touching a target vein in the hand or arm. This is known as the landmark method....

Surgery for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy and safety of surgery plus standard medical management, compared to standard medical management alone, in people with spontaneous supratentorial ICH, and to assess whether the effect of surgery differs according to the surgical technique. This is a protocol....

Umbilical cord management strategies for improving outcomes in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different umbilical cord management strategies in preterm infants (before 37 weeks’ gestation), and to provide rankings of the available methods according to their effectiveness and safety profile using a network meta-analysis. This is a protocol....

Interventions for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a network meta-analysis This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To establish the existence of differences in effectiveness and safety of intra-arterial therapies (IATs) such as bland embolisation, conventional transarterial chemoembolisation (cTACE), drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolisation (DEBTACE), yttrium-90 (Y90), hepatic artery infusion (HAI), external beam radiotherapies (EBRTs), and immunotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy for unresectable intrahepatic...

Addition of a stomach wrap (fundoplication) around the food pipe (oesophagus) in keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery to treat achalasia Review questions 1) Does the addition of a stomach wrap around the food pipe (oesophagus) reduce the backflow of food and acid from the stomach to the food pipe (regurgitation) when used with keyhole surgery to treat achalasia? 2) Which type of stomach wrap (partial or total) around the food pipe is better at controlling regurgitation without causing difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) when used with keyhole surgery to treat achalasia? Background Achalasia is a...