Methods for promoting sleep in children and young people in hospital without using medicines (non-medicinal) Key messages We are uncertain how effective non-medicinal sleep promotion methods are for children and young people in hospital. Studies that use established, reliable research methods are needed to investigate non-medicinal sleep promotion in hospitalized children and young people, to identify methods that work. Why is sleep important for children in hospital? Sleep is an important part of healthy childhood development and helps to keep children healthy. Sleep patterns change...

Technologies numériques pour aider les personnes asthmatiques à prendre leurs médicaments comme prescrits Contexte L'asthme est l'une des affections de longue durée les plus répandues dans le monde. Il existe des médicaments efficaces pour traiter les symptômes comme les inhalateurs contenant des stéroïdes. Toutefois, pour un effet optimal, les médicaments d'entretien doivent être pris conformément à l’ordonnance. De nombreuses personnes ne prennent pas leurs médicaments, en raison d'un emploi du temps chargé et de la conviction que les médicaments ne sont nécessaires qu'à court terme. C'est...

Les inhibiteurs systémiques des Janus kinases sont-ils un traitement efficace chez les personnes atteintes de la COVID-19 ? Principaux messages Nous avons trouvé des données probantes d’un niveau de confiance modéré à élevé dans 6 études permettant de conclure que les inhibiteurs systémiques des Janus kinases (JAK) sont un traitement efficace de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) chez les personnes hospitalisées, car ils ont entraîné moins de décès et un taux plus faible de détérioration clinique. L'évaluation des inhibiteurs systémiques de JAK est en cours dans 13 études, tandis que...

Postoperative nutritional support after pancreaticoduodenectomy in adults This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of postoperative nutritional support strategies on complications and recovery in adults after pancreaticoduonectomy. This is a protocol....

Prophylactic arterial embolization in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers following endoscopic control of bleeding This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of prophylactic arterial embolization compared with endoscopic haemostasis only on the risk of re-bleeding for peptic ulcer bleeding, in patients where endoscopic haemostasis has been successful. This is a protocol....

Are systemic Janus kinase inhibitors an effective treatment for people with COVID-19? Key messages We found moderate- to high-certainty evidence from 6 studies to conclude that systemic Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalised people, because they resulted in fewer deaths and a lower rate of clinical deterioration. Evaluation of systemic JAK inhibitors is ongoing in 13 studies whilst the results of 9 further studies are awaiting publication. We will update this review and may adapt our conclusions when their results...

Digital technologies to help people with asthma take their medication as prescribed Background to the question Asthma is one of the most common long-term conditions worldwide. There are effective medicines available to treat symptoms, such as inhalers containing steroids. However, for best effect, maintenance medication need to be taken as prescribed. Many people do not take their medication, due to busy schedules and the belief that medication is only needed short-term. This is known as 'non-adherence', which can lead to more symptoms and attacks. Non-adherence is a major health problem;...

Inhibiteurs de la rho kinase dans le glaucome à angle ouvert et l'hypertonie oculaire Problématique Quels sont les bénéfices et les risques des gouttes ophtalmiques à base d'inhibiteur de la rho kinase pour traiter un glaucome ou une pression oculaire élevée ? Principaux messages Les collyres anti-glaucomateux tels que le latanoprost et le timolol seraient plus efficaces pour réduire la pression oculaire qu’un traitement par inhibiteur de la rho kinase, mais la différence avec le timolol est faible. En associant les inhibiteurs de la rho kinase à différents types de médicaments, la...

Rho kinase inhibitors for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension Question What are the benefits and risks of rho kinase inhibitor eye drops to treat people with either glaucoma or increased eye pressure? Key messages Antiglaucomatous eye drops such as latanoprost and timolol may reduce the eye pressure more compared with treatment with a rho kinase inhibitor, but the difference with timolol is small. When combining rho kinase inhibitors with different types of medicine, the eye pressure may be reduced more. People treated with a rho kinase inhibitor experience more adverse...

Minimally invasive trabecular meshwork surgery for open-angle glaucoma This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of minimally invasive trabecular meshwork surgery in comparison to medical, laser, or surgical treatment (including other MIGS techniques) in people with open-angle glaucoma. This is a protocol....

Sarah Chapman looks at a new Cochrane Review on how useful signs and symptoms are for diagnosing COVID-19.

The post Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 (coronavirus): Cochrane evidence appeared first on Evidently Cochrane.

This blog explains why personal experience, or a series of personal experiences, can be misleading. Just because an individual got better after using a treatment does not mean that other people who receive the same treatment will also improve, or that the treatment is responsible – ‘regression to the mean’ tells us that experiences such as pain may improve anyway without treatment.

The post Personal experiences or anecdotes (stories) are an unreliable basis for assessing the effects of most treatments appeared first on Evidently Cochrane.

L'oxycodone pour la douleur liée au cancer chez l'adulte Contexte De nombreuses personnes atteintes de cancer ressentent une douleur modérée à intense qui nécessite un traitement avec des analgésiques forts qui sont classés comme opioïdes. L'oxycodone et la morphine sont des exemples de ces opioïdes qui sont utilisés pour soulager la douleur cancéreuse. Cependant, les opioïdes forts ne sont pas efficaces contre la douleur chez tous les patients et ils ne sont pas bien tolérés par tous les patients. L'objectif de cette revue était d'évaluer si l'oxycodone est associée à un meilleur...

Quels sont les bénéfices et les risques des différents traitements des fractures du coude chez l'enfant ? Principaux messages - Un enfant présentant une fracture supracondylienne du coude (os cassé dans la partie supérieure du coude, à environ 5 cm au-dessus de l'articulation du coude) pourrait présenter un faible risque de lésion nerveuse si deux broches ou plus sont insérées depuis l'extérieur du coude plutôt que d’insérer une broche à l'intérieur du coude et l’autre depuis l'extérieur (broches croisées). La méthode utilisée par le médecin pour manuellement remettre les os en place...

Traitement par photophérèse extracorporelle de la maladie chronique du greffon contre l'hôte après une transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques chez les enfants et les adolescents Contexte La maladie chronique du greffon contre l'hôte (MGCH chronique) est une complication fréquente après une transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (TCSH ; transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques). Les cellules immunitaires (globules blancs) du donneur reconnaissent les cellules du receveur comme étrangères (n'appartenant pas au soi). Par conséquent, les cellules...

Vitamin D for preventing acute respiratory infections in children up to five years of age This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation for preventing acute respiratory infections in children up to five years of age. This is a protocol....

What are the benefits and risks of different treatments for elbow fractures in children? Key messages - A child with a supracondylar elbow fracture (a broken bone in the upper elbow, approximately 5 cm above the elbow joint) may have a lower risk of nerve injury if two or more wires are inserted from the outside of the elbow rather than having one wire inserted from the inside of the elbow and one from the outside (crossed wires). The method used by the doctor to manually move the bones back into position may not increase or reduce the risk of nerve injury, but using a closed method may...

Brain-computer interface training for motor recovery after stroke This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness of brain-computer interface training for motor recovery after stroke. This is a protocol....

Pain control during panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of different interventions aimed at controlling pain associated with panretinal photocoagulation, in people with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, according to the classification of ETDRS 1991. This is a protocol....

Visual tubal patency tests for tubal occlusion and hydrosalpinx This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of visual tubal patency tests (hysterosalpingography (HSG), sono-hysterosalpingography (sono-HSG), magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography (MR-HSG), and outpatient transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL)) for the diagnosis of tubal occlusion. Secondary objectives To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of visual tubal patency tests (HSG, sono-HSG, MR-HSG, and outpatient THL) for the...